Abdominal pain: what can be the main causes and solutions?
Here we review the most common causes of abdominal pain, methods of diagnosis, possible treatments, and when to see a healthcare professional.
Abdominal pain is a common problem that most people face at some point in their lives. Although abdominal pain is usually caused by minor issues and resolves on its own, certain warning signs such as severe, persistent pain can indicate a serious condition. Here we review the most common causes of abdominal pain, methods of diagnosis, possible treatments, and when to see a healthcare professional.
Common causes of abdominal pain
Abdominal pain can be caused by several problems, including digestive problems, viral infections, appendicitis, gallbladder and kidney problems. The location, onset and duration of pain can help differentiate between causes. Here are some of the common causes of abdominal pain:
Abdominal pain after eating
Abdominal pain after eating can be caused by several factors, each of which is characterized by additional pain and symptoms. Among these causes, we find:
Constipation or diarrhea: abdominal cramps.
Food allergies or food intolerance: cramps, bloating, nausea.
Food poisoning: general abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea a few hours after eating.
Gas: cramps or sharp pain, bloating.
Digestion problems: discomfort in the epigastric region or in the middle of the upper abdomen.
Causes related to inflammation
Causes of abdominal pain related to inflammation can lead to accompanying features such as:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): acid reflux from the stomach, epigastric pain, heartburn or digestion problems.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): cramps, diarrhea.
Gastric ulcers: ulcers in the stomach lining, epigastric pain.
Urinary tract infections (UTI): painful abdominal pain in the lower abdomen.
Viral gastroenteritis: stomach flu, abdominal pain.
Causes related to the female reproductive cycle
Women may experience menstrual pain (aching pain that occurs during periods) or ovulation pain (brief cramping on one side halfway through the menstrual cycle). Other conditions of the female reproductive system can contribute to abdominal pain, including:
Ectopic pregnancy: intense pain, often on one side, vaginal bleeding and dizziness.
Endometriosis: intense cramps or pain during sexual intercourse.
Ovarian cancer: persistent dull pain, urinary discomfort or bloating.
Ovarian cysts: dull pain or sudden sharp cramps on one side.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): pain or cramps.
Other causes of general abdominal pain
Other causes of general abdominal pain may include:
Abdominal bloating.
Abdominal muscle tension.
Shingles (reactivation of the chickenpox virus).
The stress.
Traumatic injuries.
Visceral hypersensitivity (internal organs).
How to diagnose abdominal pain?
The diagnosis of abdominal pain is made through medical history, physical examination and additional tests. The healthcare professional may ask questions about your pain, including:
Does the pain stay in one place or does it move around?
What does pain feel like?
What relieves her?
How long does the pain last? Does it appear and disappear? Has it gotten worse over time?
Where is the pain located?
Do you have any other symptoms?
A healthcare professional may order additional diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, urine tests, stool tests, imaging such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound, and endoscopy (colonoscopy) if your diagnosis cannot be determined. not be established based on your medical history and physical examination.
How to relieve abdominal pain?
Although you can treat mild abdominal pain at home, serious causes require immediate medical treatment, such as antibiotics or surgery. Drinking only clear liquids for a day or two can help with viruses or digestive issues. Menstrual cramps can be relieved with heat or over-the-counter medications. A balanced diet rich in fiber, regular physical activity and stress management can help prevent recurring pain. Identify food allergies or intolerances by keeping a food diary.
When to consult a healthcare professional
Contact a healthcare professional immediately if you experience the following warning signs that may indicate a serious condition:
Abdominal pain during cancer treatment.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Blood in urine or stools.
Intense and persistent pain.
Pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
Bloating, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that persists for more than a few days.
A persistent fever, above 38 degrees Celsius.
Loss of appetite.
Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.
Unexplained weight loss.